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Halide Edip Adıvar
Halide Edip Adıvar ( (:haliˈde eˈdib); sometimes spelled Halidé Edib in English) (1884 – 9 January 1964) was a Turkish novelist, nationalist, and political leader for women's rights. She was best known for her novels criticizing the low social status of Turkish women and what she saw as the lack of interest of most women in changing their situation.
==Early life==
Halide Edip was born in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire.〔(Britannica, Istanbul ):''When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930''.〕 Her father was a secretary of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II. Halide Edip was educated at home by private tutors from whom she learned European and Ottoman literature, religion, philosophy, sociology, piano playing, English, French, and Arabic. She learned Greek from her neighbors and from briefly attending a Greek school in Constantinople. She attended the American College for Girls〔Üsküdar American Academy.〕 briefly in 1893. In 1897, she translated ''Mother'' by Jacob Abbott, for which the sultan awarded her the Order of Charity (Nishan-i-Shafakat; Şefkat Nişanı). She attended the American College again from 1899 to 1901, when she graduated. Her father's house was a center of intellectual activity in Constantinople and even as a child Halide Edip participated in the intellectual life of the city.〔Erol, pages vii-viii.〕
After graduating, she married the mathematician and astronomer Salih Zeki Bey, with whom she had two sons. She continued her intellectual activities, however, and in 1908 began writing articles on education and on the status of women for Tevfik Fikret's newspaper ''Tanin'' and the women's journal Demet. She published her first novel, ''Seviye Talip'', in 1909. Because of her articles on education, the education ministry hired her to reform girls' schools in Constantinople. She worked with Nakiye Hanım on curriculum and pedagogy changes and also taught pedagogy, ethics, and history in various schools. She resigned over a disagreement with the ministry concerning mosque schools.〔Erol, page viii.〕
She received a divorce from Salih Zeki in 1910. Her house became an intellectual salon, especially for those interested in new concepts of Turkishness. She became involved with the Turkish Hearth (Türk Ocağı) in 1911 and became the first female member in 1912. She was also a founder of the Elevation of Women (Taali-i Nisvan) organization.〔Erol, page ix.〕
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